The Best Form of Public Spending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Best Form of Public Spending - Essay Example By the by, there is a requirement for different governments to pick the proper and most ideal approach to spend assets. Since high neediness level is normal in numerous nations, it, thusly, comprises the most serious issue on the planet. Measurements show that half of the total populace lives beneath the neediness level of $ 2.50 every day. The real numbers from the record gauge this number to be 3 billion individuals in the whole world. It, in this manner, implies that over portion of the total populace endures since they live on not exactly $ 2.50 a day along these lines can't stand to buy the majority of their needs. In addition, 22000 youngsters kick the bucket day by day because of the impacts of destitution on the planet (Pogge, 2008). Hence, the best type of open spending involves distributing assets and utilizing them to diminish and ease destitution. Â The significant capacity of each administration is to shield its residents from the impacts of destitution. Supporting this diminishes hopelessness among the residents in this manner guaranteeing that they acknowledge and bolster the administration by being energetic and steadfast. Therefore, since high destitution expands the degrees of sadness, its decrease limits despondency levels in residents in this way, improving the expectations for everyday comforts (Coate, Knight and National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009). Through the assignment of sufficient assets and utilizing it in subsidizing different undertakings planned for lessening neediness levels and enabling its residents, the legislature spends its assets in the most ideal manner conceivable. Â In end, the best type of open going through ought to be that with the best advantage to residents. Along these lines, each administration ought to endeavor at decreasing the degree of neediness on the planet since this will check human affliction and improve their expectations for everyday comforts. Notwithstanding, this job ought not exclusively be left to the administration. People need to offer help to the administration in this manner guaranteeing the accomplishment of the activity.

Diminishing Returns in the Pursuit of Happiness

Question: Examine about the Report on Diminishing Returns in the Pursuit of Happiness? Answer: Presentation: The thought of quest for bliss has been examined in detail in this specific investigation. The overall term, quest for satisfaction, is considered as a correct statement that had been risen at the hour of autonomy in America. With this specific term, it has been guaranteed that each individual has full freedom to lead existence with overpowering satisfaction and bliss. Person can seek after any legitimate movement until the individual submit encroach to one side of others. In this specific task, the idea of quest for satisfaction has been clarified in detail stressing on the perspective on Asian individuals just as American individuals. The way of life of two nations is extraordinary. That is the explanation the perspective with respect to the quest for satisfaction varies individual to individual. Talking about the difference on the quest for bliss from American point of view and from Asian viewpoint According to the Americans perspective, driving a glad and serene life is significant so as to make due in this world. Individuals may need to buckle down for existing under the earth as life is encircled with battle and hardships and. At the hour of American freedom, the idea of quest for joy had been proclaimed. American accepts that satisfaction comes in the life of a person in the wake of giving work and industry (Eckersley, 2009). Accordingly, so as to have a quiet existence work and industry are unavoidable that causes an individual to arrive at their objective. Accordingly, consequently they would get opportunity and industry as their prize. The idea of Asian with respect to the quest for bliss is very unique. According to their perspective, bliss comes due to fortune or karma. That is the explanation one specific individual is cheerful enough and the other having a place with same nation needs to lead a difficult and hopeless life. In this way, Asian accepts that people who are sufficient blessed get the chance to have a quiet existence. All the more explicitly, a large portion of the nations of Asia fall under the class of creating nation (Greaves, 2010). Accordingly, the individuals of those nations need to enormous battle so as to gain cash. Regardless of being scholarly, the understudies of Asian nations need to confront monstrous difficulties to pick up character or acknowledgment. Individuals need to confront tremendous difficulties so as to improve their way of life. A large portion of the individuals are reliant on rural or make callings due to which their wellsprings of acquiring gets constrained. Therefore, yo uthful ages need to languish colossally over their further preparing or progress. In this manner, barely any fortunate individuals get chance to have a fruitful existence for Asian nation (Hornung, 2008). That is the explanation, Asians has confidence in karma or fortune for the quest for bliss. In this way, in the idea of the quest for satisfaction, the assessments of American and Asian contrast profoundly because of some social elements. America is out-an-out a created nation dependent on various businesses where countless individuals are engaged with different associations. They have confidence in working and work (Mihelich, 2011). Their mechanical progression, their creative approaches and frameworks inside the business developed achievement that encourages the individuals to have a modern existence. Then again, the greater part of the nations of Asia depend on horticulture and artworks. The individuals of here are not progressed in innovation in evident sense. Asians need to battle monstrously so as to have an effective existence. As nations seem to be, as yet creating individuals need to rely massively upon barely any ventures (Suzuki 2013). They experience to confront difficulty so as to find an appropriate line of work. Thus, the level of destitution is wide in number in contrast with the USA nations. These social contrasts are the essential explanations behind the distinction of sentiment from American to Asian. Subsequently, Asians accepts on fortune and American accepts on work. The quest for joy idea had been counted first in the freedom day of America Yen, 2015). End: The whole investigation has managed the idea of quest for bliss. This fundamental term had been counted at the hour of American reliance. Individuals of America accept that joy is fundamental so as to have an effective existence. Person can gain satisfaction just when they would be relentless and devoted towards their activity. Taking rest is pointless or useless as it neglects to render bliss. In this manner, individuals should be dynamic for investigating joy. On different hands, Asians perspective accepts that fortune and karma are the watchwords for rendering joy in the life of person. Along these lines the social distinction of two unique mainlands is the essential purpose behind demonstrating inverse origination in a specific issue. Reference List: Eckersley, R. (2009). The Mixed Blessings of Material Progress: Diminishing Returns in the Pursuit of Happiness. Diary of Happiness Studies, 1(3), pp.267-292. Greaves, D. (2010). The over the top quest for wellbeing and bliss. BMJ, 321(7276), pp.1576-1576. Hornung, B. (2008). Satisfaction and the quest for bliss. Kybernetes, 35(3/4), pp.323-346. Mihelich, J. (2011). Behind the Gates: Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America:Behind the Gates: Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America. American Anthropologist, 108(3), pp.601-602. Suzuki, S. (2013). Insight on the Pursuit of Happiness in Daily Life. Paragrana, 22(1), pp.78-100. Yen, J. (2015). Reexamining time in the quest for bliss. Hypothesis Psychology, 25(4), pp.541-542.

Turning Libraries Into Learning Commons

Turning Libraries Into Learning Commons The library space should be three things: welcoming, comfortable, and useful. School libraries today are in a state of flux: many are on the verge of closing or understaffed, and just as many are growing into the learning commons a library should be. No matter where your library falls on this spectrum, there is no question that your job as a librarian is to be all things to all users. That may seem daunting, but it really is simple if you have the right outlook. Not every school has a healthy budget to promote and support a full library makeover, but even without money, small changes will yield a big impact. When I was offered the position of Library Media Specialist at a high school, I was lucky to have the backing of the school and district as I transformed a tired, unwelcoming library space into what became the hub of the school. Because not every librarian is quite so fortunate, I’ll outline my makeover process in sections, starting with what can be done by every librarian regardless of budget, and then move into the options for big spending. Services This is the most important job of any librarian, in my opinion. We are the “yes men,” so to speak. Whatever a patron needs, we say, “Yes, I can help with that.” (And if we can’t, we figure out who can.) My students â€" and even school staff â€" were never allowed to use the library before I was hired. I had to go out of my way to change this attitude and invite them into what should have already been their space. How did I accomplish this? By meeting everyone more than halfway â€" in fact, I went to them. Send emails reminding staff of the lessons you can teach (copyright/fair use, research skills, web tools, etc.). Create a plan for scheduling your spaces and make it user-friendly for teachers to sign up. Ask teachers what projects they have going on and offer to co-teach or introduce the students to the necessary databases for any research elements. Pay attention to your users. Keep records of requests and needs. Ask yourself: if something is too difficult to access, what can you do to make it easier for patrons to find? Have office supplies stocked and out for all patrons to use. I promise, it is necessary. I had a caddy with pens, pencils, erasers, markers, colored pencils, glue sticks, staplers, tape dispensers, lined paper, copier paper, grid paper, and dry erase markers and erasers. (Plus, I had back-ups at the ready.) Don’t have a budget for this? Float the idea of having other departments chip in â€" after all, it’s their projects these kids are working on, right? If that doesn’t work, community organizations often look for ways to contribute to schools and libraries. Give students access to whatever technology you have available, including printing capabilities. If you have limited technology, it’s even more important that you keep what you have running properly, and promptly call the tech department when problems inevitably arise. I also loved occasionally stocking my Keurig with fun coffee flavors, creamers, teas, hot chocolates and bringing in baked treats for the staff. They never passed up free goodies, and it gave us an opportunity to chat about potential collaboration. In short, what do your patrons need? Answer: Everything. All the time. Have it ready, and if you don’t have it ready this time, be prepared for next time. Environment The library space should be three things: welcoming, comfortable, and useful. Creating a welcoming environment is easy: you, the librarian, want the library filled with teachers and students, yes? Yes. Be inviting, be a friend, be happy. You have the best job in the world, so this should be the easiest part. Making the library useful is almost as simple â€" all those services from the first section are geared toward ensuring that patrons know they can come to the library for anything they need. It should be their most trusted resource. As far as a creating comfortable environment, ideally you should have many options for seating, and when possible, that seating should be flexible. In my library, we replaced the old, heavy, stationary tables and chairs and replaced them with furniture on wheels. I could set up the tables for a presentation during third period, and by fourth period, everything would have a new place. Students could move and arrange tables and chairs to suit their needs â€" whether they wanted to join a group or get away from one, the space was theirs. We also had three seating areas with comfortable couches, rugs, tables, and charging stations. These were stationary, but attracted both casual groups and serious studiers. If you have money in the budget for furniture, it would be well-spent on creating these comfortable spaces and flexible seating arrangements. For many, though, the budget might not stretch beyond the cost of new books, which is Priority One. If that’s the case for you, keep an eye out for affordable pillows or rugs that can make a space more inviting, or suggest a pillow-sewing project for the Interior Design class! And if none of the previous options of couches, pillows, and rugs are at your disposal? Grab some students and do some heavy lifting â€" take a chance to arrange those tables differently one day. Then switch things up again the next week. Go ahead: move two tables together for sixth period next Tuesday, because there’s a project due in World History and those freshmen need a space to lay out their materials. If your arrangement doesn’t appear to be flexible, show the students that they can still make it work for them because it is their space. Spending This final section is important, but not absolutely necessary. If you stop here and only focus on your services and environment, you will already be prepared to pull off a fantastic makeover. But I can’t lie: if you have money to spend on technology, do it; if you don’t have money, look for grants. At my school, our big spending was focused on technology, in hopes of finding a balance between two extremes. “1-to-1” devices seemed to be potential distractions, yet only offering computer labs for full classes to use was too limited. We went for a “technology readily available” approach. The district applied for federal funding and technology grants to purchase several laptop carts to be housed in the library, and over the next few years, additional carts were purchased for each department. Teachers could reserve a cart to be used in the library or to be taken to their classroom, and I tried to keep a cart in the library for individual students to use when they came in to work. We also bought six “pods,” which were large tables equipped with large flatscreen TVs, 4 HDMI cords, and laptops, allowing groups to work on individual laptops or display one on the screen for collaborations. Students loved the pods for all purposes, but teachers also loved to reserve them for technology lessons and projects. This, in turn, improved collaborative lessons by bringing in fun, new technology elements. Lastly, we purchased two large screens to be used for lessons and presentations. This is where I would teach tech tools, database use, copyright/fair use, research skills, and more. The two screens connected via HDMI to one computer, so the presenter or teacher could either create a presentation and run it with a clicker, or manually use the laptop to access different sites, etc. based on the lesson. Library. Learning Commons. Safe Haven. Trusted Resource. This is what we librarians are, and so much more. I hope your libraries become the favorite place on campus like mine did. Good luck and happy makeover! Follow TeacherVision on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Google+.

My Last Dutchess by Robert Browning Essay - 923 Words

My Last Dutchess by Robert Browning Robert Browning, one of the most influential and imaginative poets in our history, engulfs readers in a wave of dramatic language, and colorful character representation in the extremely popular poem: â€Å"My Last Duchess†, which stands as one of Browning’s most famous literary pieces. In many ways the tone Browning wishes to convey provides a dark background in which many impressions and interpretations of the Duke and his former Duchess can be assessed. â€Å"And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst, how such a glance came there; so, not the first are you to turn and ask thus† (Kennedy 16). As well, Browning has ingeniously chosen vivid and extraordinary instances through out the poem to hint at†¦show more content†¦As this masterful dialogue continues, the reader comes to the reality that in fact the Duke is responsible for the Duchess’s early demise: â€Å"I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together. There she stands as if aliveà ¢â‚¬  (Kennedy 16). Having the Duke hint at the Duchesses demise with his last remarks, he intently returns to the business at hand: the arrangement of his marriage to a new young girl. In a way the Duke is nonchalantly brushing off the fate of the Duchess, as if she were just an intricate piece of artwork in his gallery. Have you note, as the Duke walks past the portrait, he is eager to point out many other valuable pieces of artwork, as if to say that solely he owns each piece of artwork, including the portrait of his last Duchess. â€Å"Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though. Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity, which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me† (Kennedy 17)! By creating a dark and mysterious character, such as the Duke, Browning envelopes his audience in a picturesque landscape, masking the horrific qualities the Duke possesses. With some further research, this specific historical background was set during the Italian Renaissance, inspiring and fascinating Browning in his creation. The Italian Renaissance represented â€Å"the flowering of the aesthetic and the human† (Watson 133). Offering this setting to imply the complications and intrigue with human sexuality and male domination during the Renaissance time period.Show MoreRelatedMy Last Duchess By Robert Browning Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesMy last duchess by Robert Browning Quote Analysis My Last Duchess by Robert Browning is a mysterious monologue about a duke who is showing a portrait of his former wife or last duchess to a visitor at his palace. While showing this portrait of his former wife, the duke begins to demean the duchess character and their life together. Although the duke is very well spoken and chooses his words carefully as he describes the duchess, he ends up reveling more about himself than his last duchess. By doing

The Abolitionist Movement. The Abolitionist Movement Started

The Abolitionist Movement The Abolitionist movement started around the 1830s and lasted until 1865. This movement was a huge step toward our country’s future, attempting to end slavery and racial discrimination. People like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Beecher Stowe persuaded others in their cause and elected those with the same views as them in political positions. William Lloyd Garrison started an abolitionist newspaper called the Liberator, Frederick Douglas also wrote a newspaper, called the North Star, and Harriet Beecher Stowe published a novel called â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin.† These advocates, while they did not cause the Civil War, they contributed to this war by bringing attention to one of the country’s†¦show more content†¦These different views allowed people to view slavery from a new perspective. Many people who were proslavery soon felt sorry for their actions and saw their actions as a sin. William Lloyd Garrison, a white man from Massachusetts became a part of the anti-slavery movement, or abolitionist movement, in 1830. Right away, William Lloyd Garrison published a weekly paper called the Liberator, which directly stated the need for â€Å"immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves.† William Lloyd Garrison saw that the only way that slavery could end was by persuading those who would read his pieces. Garrison realized the only way to prove how bad slavery is, was to show how immoral and unjust it was for there to be slavery in our country. He felt so strongly about his views, e once burned a copy of the Constitution because this documented stated the right to own slaves. Garrisons paper had received very harsh responses and many states wanted to charge against Garrison for a felonious crime and would reward others who found those who distributed his paper. (28a. William Lloyd Garrison and The Liberator) The reason why Garrison had received such severe reactions from people was because of his non-government theories and his idea that the government was a form of compromise, explaining how slavery would not end with compromise. He also wrote in the Liberator and â€Å"denounced the Compromise of 1850, condemned theShow MoreRelatedThe American Abolitionists Book Review Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesHarrold Stanley, American Abolitionists is a book that scrutinizes the movement of abolishing slavery in the United States. It examines the movement from its origin in the 18century in the course of the Civil War and the elimination of slavery in 1856. American Abolitionists book focuses on the American Abolitionists who struggled to end slavery and advocated for equal rights for all African Americans in the United States. Harrold mainly focuses his book on the abolitionist movement and the effect of slavesRead MoreWomen s Rights Movement And Abolitionist Movements1397 Words   |  6 Pages2. There were multiple factors which linked the women’s rights movements and the abolitionist movements. Many women joined abolitionist movement as a way to enter public life and have the opportunity to talk about controversial topics. They faced criticism for addressing these controversial issues which prompted them to attempt gain freedom for women as well as those who were enslaved. They tried to use the abolitionist movement as a way to also gain equal rights for a women as there seemed to beRead MoreAnother Leader, James Birney, Was A Powerful Abolitionists1550 Words   |  7 Pages Another leader, James Birney, was a powerful abolitionists leader and â€Å"he believed that political action and the power of religion were the keys to ending slavery,† and his proposal, â€Å"proposed measures that would allow the legislature to emancipate slaves and prohibit selling slaves brought into the state,† allowed for him to be known as, â€Å"one of the nation’s most prominent abolitionists† (American Experience†). James Birney was also the Liberty Party’s presidential candidate during the 1840 toRead MoreWomen s Rights And Abolitionist Movement Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Beginning of Women’s Rights Abolitionist Movement Women’s Rights Abolitionists Back in the nineteenth century men and women were not treated equally as they are now. Women did not have as much freedom as the men did and that caused a national movement. Not only were the women segregated from the men, but the discrimination against the African American race was a huge ordeal as well. With both movements combined, it led to a controversial development at that time. Not only were womenRead MoreThe Abolition Movement1079 Words   |  4 Pages Abolition Movement From the 1830s until 1870, the abolitionist movement attempted to achieve immediate emancipation of all slaves and the ending of racial segregation and discrimination. Their idea of these goals distinguished abolitionists from the broad-based political opposition to slavery’s westward expansion that started in the North after 1840 and raised issues leading to the Civil War. Yet, these two expressions of hostility to slavery were often closely related not only in their beliefsRead MoreAbolitionist And The Civil War995 Words   |  4 PagesAbolitionist and the Civil War Three decades before the Civil War, a movement wanted Emancipation for all slaves. The Abolitionists were wanting slavery to be abolished due to moral causes along with courage. Tis movement became and Evangelical crusade in the 1830s. Their main focus and pus was to end the sin-filled behaviors against the slaves everywhere. Personal freedom was exceedingly important and a belief that, â€Å"all men are created,† (Abolitionist Movement,† History, N.p.,n.d.). ThereRead MoreThe Abolitionist Movement and The Civil Rights Movement Essay615 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout the history of the United States there have been many reform movements that have molded the culture we live in today. The rights that we as Americans enjoy today can be credited to the people who fought for more rights and a better way of life. Two reform movements that have changed America for the better are the Abolitionist Movement and the Civil Rights Movement. Around the 1820’s the feeling of legal slavery was changing in the United States. The southRead MoreThe Amistad Case Of American History923 Words   |  4 Pageslegal; therefore they should be returned to their home land on Africa. The abolitionists became very involved in this case. The abolitionists were a group of Americans that wanted to end the practice of slavery in the United States. The abolitionists started their movement somewhere around 1820†s. The main idea of the movement was that slavery was a sinful practice. The way the movement gain momentum during this time was the printing of pamphlets one such pamphlet was called theRead MoreFrederick Douglass : African American Freedom Struggle888 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1860’s with the help of the abolitionist movement. Before becoming a famous spokesman Douglass was just like every other African American slave, attempting to find a way to freedom. Douglass’ runaway slave status quickly changed when abolitionist bought his freedom in hopes to strengthen the abolitionist movement. Since abolitionists were able to recognize Douglass’ intellectual abilities it made him a key aspect towards the success in the abolitionist move ment, African American community, andRead MoreEssay On The Abolitionist Movement807 Words   |  4 Pagestheir development. These changes include the Temperance movement, the Abolitionist movement, the Second Awakening, trading and the start of the Industrial Revolution. With these events impacting social development, America developed a strong identity. The Second Awakening is a movement that begins in 1800. This movement had different movements that lead up to the â€Å"Awakening†. These ideas included â€Å"Temperance movement, Abolitionist movement, and Women’s suffrage.† The start of the Second Awakening

Sacred Spaced Ap Art History Free Essays

Throughout history, monuments have been built to show power, wealth, and even conquest. Depending on a cultures value and tradition, the types of monuments can vary from era to era. However, the construction of sacred monuments has predated from the times of the start of civilization in Mesopotamia to even modern day. We will write a custom essay sample on Sacred Spaced Ap Art History or any similar topic only for you Order Now People have always created buildings to show their faith, and to honor their gods. In Ashokan India and ancient Greece, the creation of sacred spaces was very common. The creation of the Great Stupa in India and the Parthenon in Greece both were built for the honor and worship for the respective god and goddess for both nation In India during the rule of the Buddhist ruler Ashoka, the Great Stupa of Sanchi was commissioned. The Great Stupa was considered to be one of the greatest monasteries patriotisms to Buddhism. Even though it can be dated back to Ashoka’s reign, its consists of many buildings and parts that was made overtime and well beyond the time period of Ashoka. The dome of the stupa is roughly fifty feet high and is filled with earth and rubble. The stupa would hold relics of the Buddha himself where the people of india would come to as a pilgrimage. The people of India would enter through the gateways of the stupa, walk down a path called the lower circumambulation, and climb up the stairs to the secon level to walk the second circumambulation of the stupa. Buddhist ventured the relics of Buddha through circumambulations, which was walking around the stupa in a clockwise manner, following the path of the sun and brining the worshiper into harmony with the universe. The Great Stupa itself had more than six hundred inscriptions showing the donations of hundreds of individuals that made the building of the stupa possible. Ancient Greece was also known for extravagant temples honoring their Gods. The Acropolis found in Athens is another example of elevation in attempt to get closer to the divinity. The Parthenon was built for Athena, the city’s patron goddess and also the goddess of War. The Greeks built this large temple to thank Athena for the Salvation of Athens after their victory in the Persian War. Inside, there once stood a thirty-eight foot high statue of Athena with a winged Nike in her hand. On her sandal, there was a depiction of the centauromachy. On her shield were scenes of both the amazonomachy and he gigantomachy. All of these were battles the Gods fought in during the Persian War. The columns of the temple surrounded the statue in a symmetrical way that emphasized Athena’s importance as the centerpiece. On the outside of the temple were about ninety different metopes depicting gods and goddesses and a 590 foot frieze on the inside. Greeks were proud of the Parthenon, not only because it was considered a piece of art, but because it was also significant of their victory over Persia. They worshipped to Athena all over the Acropolis and also sacrificed animals such as oxen, goats and sheep. Sometimes worship was held in the form of social festivities honoring Athena. Sacred sites were greatly influenced by the cultures of each era, and had a impact on the lives of the people. The Great Stupa, which was open to all of India, attracted many buddhists and was a center for prayer. In ancient Greece, the Parthenon was used to worship athens main deity, Athena, and served as a place of worship to other gods as well. It was placed on a higher surface to show its importance, and the Great Stupa engraved inscriptions of the people who donated to the construction of the temple to show appreciation. How to cite Sacred Spaced Ap Art History, Papers

Fgm Human Rights Voilation free essay sample

Practices are mostly carried out on young girls sometime between infancy and age 15, and occasionally on adult women. In Africa, about three million girls are at risk for FGM annually. An estimated 140 million girls and women worldwide are living with the consequences of FGM. In Africa, about 92 million girls age 10 years and above are estimated to have undergone FGM. The practice is most common in the western, eastern, and north-eastern regions of Africa, in some countries in Asia and the Middle East, and among migrants from these areas. FGM is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women. It reflects deep-rooted inequality between the sexes, and constitutes an intense form of discrimination against women. It is nearly always carried out on minors and is a violation of the rights of children. The practice also violates a persons rights to health, security and physical integrity, the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, and the right to life when the procedure results in death. The causes of female genital mutilation include a mix of cultural, religious and social factors within families and communities. Where FGM is a social convention, the social pressure to conform to what others do and have been doing is a strong motivation to perpetuate the practice. FGM is often considered a necessary part of raising a girl properly, and a way to prepare her for adulthood and marriage. FGM is often motivated by beliefs about what is considered proper sexual behaviour, linking procedures to premarital virginity and marital fidelity. FGM is in many communities believed to reduce a womans libido and therefore believed to help her resist illicit sexual acts. When a vaginal opening is covered or narrowed (type 3 above), the fear of the pain of opening it, and the fear that this will be found out, is expected to further discourage illicit sexual intercourse among women with this type of FGM. FGM is associated with cultural ideals of femininity and modesty, which include the notion that girls are â€Å"clean† and beautiful after removal of body parts that are considered male or unclean. Though no religious scripts prescribe the practice, practitioners often believe the practice has religious support. Religious leaders take varying positions with regard to FGM: some promote it, some consider it irrelevant to religion, and others contribute to its elimination. Local structures of power and authority, such as community leaders, religious leaders, circumcisers, and even some medical personnel can contribute to upholding the practice. In most societies, FGM is considered a cultural tradition, which is often used as an argument for its continuation. In some societies, recent adoption of the practice is linked to copying the traditions of neighbouring groups. Sometimes it has started as part of a wider religious or traditional revival movement. In some societies, FGM is practised by new groups when they move into areas where the local population practice FGM. In 1997, WHO issued a joint statement with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) against the practice of FGM. A new statement, with wider United Nations support, was then issued in February 2008 to support increased advocacy for the abandonment of FGM. The 2008 statement documents evidence collected over the past decade about the practice. It highlights the increased recognition of the human rights and legal dimensions of the problem and provides data on the frequency and scope of FGM. It also summarizes research about why FGM continues, how to stop it, and its damaging effects on the health of women, girls and newborn babies. In 2010 WHO published a Global strategy to stop health care providers from performing female genital mutilation in collaboration with other key UN agencies and international organizations. Since 1997, great efforts have been made to counteract FGM, through research, work within communities, and changes in public policy. Progress at both international and local levels includes:wider international involvement to stop FGM;the development of international monitoring bodies and resolutions that condemn the practice;revised legal frameworks and growing political support to end FGM (this includes a law against FGM in 22 African countries, and in several states in two other countries, as well as 12 industrialized countries with migrant populations from FGM practicing countries);in most countries, the prevalence of FGM has decreased, and an increasing number of women and men in practising communities support ending its practice. Research shows that, if practising communities themselves decide to abandon FGM, the practice can be eliminated very rapidly. In 2008, the World Health Assembly passed a resolution (WHA61. 16) on the elimination of FGM, emphasizing the need for concerted action in all sectors health, education, finance, justice and womens affairs. WHO efforts to eliminate female genital mutilation focus on:advocacy: developing publications and advocacy tools for international, regional and local efforts to end FGM within a generation; research: generating knowledge about the causes and consequences of the practice, how to eliminate it, and how to care for those who have experienced FGM; guidance for health systems: developing training materials and guidelines for health professionals to help them treat and counsel women who have undergone procedures. WHO is particularly concerned about the increasing trend for medically trained personnel to perform FGM. WHO strongly urges health professionals not to perform such procedures.

Deism The Child of the Renaissance

Deism (Lat. Deus – God) is a philosophical standpoint that provides a specific attitude to religious beliefs. The deists accepted that the world was created by some supreme being (God), but the world’s further development was without His involvement. The time period when this philosophical study occurred is not strictly defined, but there were many philosophers who accepted this point of view.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Deism: The Child of the Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among them are Locke, Jefferson and Paine. In this essay, we are going to discuss and explain the deism of the period of Enlightenment and show the relations between ides of deism and Enlightenment philosophy through the analysis of teaching such great people as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson. In order to understand why deism was so popular during the period of enlightenment, we should bri efly examine the main philosophical ideas of this à ©poque. The main idea of this period was the glorification of a human being. The philosophers provided the idea that man was a creator of his life and of all things around him. They proclaimed the power of knowledge and the ability to control nature with the help of it. Thus, people were not dependent on the God’s will and were masters of their fates. These ideas were basically central on the theory of deism. The common feature of deism and philosophy of enlightenment was the attitude to God and religion. Thus, deism, as well as enlightenment, identified the creative power of God through â€Å"nature and reason, not revelation† (â€Å"Deism – Enlightened Emptiness† n. p.). The deists did not identify only one God for one religion, on the contrary, they considered that one power or a â€Å"divine being† created the world and this power is common for all religions. Furthermore, deism presupposed th at God does not rule over one’s life and nature, as opposed to this idea, they proclaimed that human beings are in charge of the world. Thus, enlightenment and deism were common in one thing: â€Å"God became no more than the supreme intelligence† (Kramnick 12). The ideas of deism were supported by such philosophers as Franklin, Paine and Jefferson. In the book The Age of Reason, Thomas Paine claims that he believes in: â€Å"equality of man, and that religious duty consists in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavor to make our fellow-creatures happy† (Paine 18).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He believed in religion â€Å"cleaned† from superstitions and dogmas. He also assumed that it was not necessary to go to Church to prove one’s fate. The same ideas of deism, but more traditional ones, were provided by Benjamin Franklin. As opposed to Paine , Franklin approved that God â€Å"governs by his providence. That he ought to be worshiped† (Franklin and Bigelow 79). Franklin also believed in immortal soul and afterlife. President Thomas Jefferson’s religious views were also inspired by English Deists. He supported the teaching of Jesus and considered it to be the supreme morality. This president supported the religious freedom. Though this man had never identified himself with particular deism movement, he shared their ideas, but in his personal interpretation. Thus, we can come to a conclusion that many philosophers, politicians, writers and other famous people shared the ideas if deism, especially the ones that lived and worked during the period of enlightenment. Furthermore, it would be fair to suggest that deism and the age of enlightenment had the same philosophical milestone and attitude to God and human. The deists accepted that world was created by God, however, at the same time they gave people right to be masters of their lives. Works Cited Kramnick, Issac. The Portable Enlightenment Reader. New York: Penguin Books, 1995. Paine, Thomas. The Age of Reason. Forgotten Books, 1923. Franklin, Benjamin, and John Bigelo. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Forgotten Books, 1945. â€Å"Deism – Enlightened Emptiness†. All about Philosophy – The Big Questions. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Deism: The Child of the Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Deism: The Child of the Renaissance was written and submitted by user Diego Glenn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Best Writing Blogs for Aspiring Authors

Best Writing Blogs for Aspiring Authors If youre an aspiring author, you dont have to fly solo. Even if you cant yet afford an agent, coach, or degree, you can find plenty of helpful resources on the Internet. The following websites will help you improve your writing skills, teach you more about your favourite genre, and give you the publishing tips you need to succeed. Write to Done: Unmissable Articles on Writing Write to Done is a collection of helpful articles for writers in all disciplines, from marketing to fiction. If you have a question related to writing, youll most likely find an answer here. Whether you want to learn how to cope with criticism, improve your grammar, generate titles, or write an entire novel, youll get that information here. writetodone.com Daily Writing Tips If the technical aspects of writing plague you, check in at Daily Writing Tips. A sort of online style guide, DWT is run by a team of editors and writers. These professionals publish an article every day on grammar, punctuation, vocabulary, spelling, and general usage and style. Trying to figure out if you need to hyphenate a term or swap your semicolon for a colon? You can look here. dailywritingtips.com Advice to Writers: Writerly Wisdom of the Ages Advice to Writers is the companion site to Advice to Writers: A Compendium of Quotes, Anecdotes, and Writerly Wisdom from a Dazzling Array of Literary Lights. This book was authored by Jon Winokur, a prolific writer who assisted Burt Reynolds and James Garner with their memoirs. The homepage of the site features inspirational quotes from fellow writers. Youll also find links to resources of all types, including dictionaries, interviews with famous authors, other blogs, podcasts, and much more. advicetowriters.com Writers Digest: Write Better, Get Published This comprehensive site offers a number of tools for aspiring authors: competitions, workshops, tutorials, webinars, articles, writing prompts, and links to professionals such as agents and manuscript reviewers. You can also subscribe to the weekly newsletter or frequent the forums and exchange ideas with your peers. writersdigest.com Writers Relief: Authors Submission Service This site is designed for those writers who dont want to be businesspeople. Focus on your craft, and then turn it over to Writers Relief. The staff will generate query letters, proofread your work, submit manuscripts to publishers, track responses, and much more. Choose from one of the multifaceted service plans, and get back to what you do best. writersrelief.com Short Story Flash Fiction Society The Short Story Flash Fiction Society focuses exclusively on brief fiction. On this site, youll find everything you want or need regarding short stories and flash fiction: information on both types of writing, free stories to read, writing contests, guest posts, helpful videos, and a shop offering inexpensive resources to help you write. shortstoryflashfictionsociety.com Romance University: R U Ready? If youve always dreamed of writing the next great Harlequin romance, then Romance University is for you. This site is tailored exclusively to authors of love stories, from the innocent to the erotic. The groups mission is to empower writers, entertain readers, and understand men. (Even if youre not into the romance genre, that last item might be worth checking out!) romanceuniversity.org Science Fiction Fantasy Writers of America SFWA is a professional organization for authors of science fiction, fantasy and related genres. Esteemed past members include Isaac Asimov, Anne McCaffrey, Ray Bradbury, and Andre Norton. The sites own description says it all. Here, you can browse through various blogs and resources, and discover more about various genre awards. Become a member and reap even more benefits. sfwa.org Fantasy Authors Handbook: Advice for Authors of Science Fiction Fantasy Fantasy Authors Handbook is a site that offers a number of helpful posts on the technical aspects of writing your fantasy book. Youll learn how to make the most of Microsoft Word and how to use index cards to outline your story. You can also check out tutorials, links to other sites, and a number of related resources. So stop fantasizing about becoming a renowned writer, and use this site to embark on your journey to authorhood. fantasyhandbook.wordpress.com The Official Blog of the Society of Childrens Book Writers and Illustrators If writing little stories for little people is your calling, dont miss this site. Geared toward childrens literature specialists, the SCBWI blog contains a number of posts by different experts, all aimed at helping you produce high-quality reading materials for youngsters. scbwi.blogspot.com The Internet has made it easier than ever for people to write professionally; however, that fact might be overwhelming to you. With so much information available online, and so much competition, it may be difficult to know where to start. Pick the site that speaks to you and start reading. Youll soon be motivated to make your dream come true.

Should the Multinational Firm Be Involved In International Business or Essay

Should the Multinational Firm Be Involved In International Business or Investment with a Developing Country - Essay Example In this study, Supermart is taken as a frictional multinational company which is based in the United Kingdom. It is a developed country. Supermart is a retail company doing its business for a long time in various countries of the world. It is one of the largest companies in the retail industry segment of UK. But for the large numbers of players the market of UK has become very much saturated which limits the growth of the company. Therefore expanding its business internationally will help this retail company to generate more revenue by acquiring the new customer base. For this reason, this UK based company has made a plan of expanding its business in the emerging market of China. Supermart can have many benefits and advantages of this decision. China is experiencing a huge growth in its retail market. A significant rise in the income of household people influences the retail industry of China to grow. China is a developing country having an emerging market. The improvement of the Chi nese economy Influences its people to spend more which becomes an advantage in its retail industry. The purchasing power of the people is increasing in this country which leads to the rise in demand. A positive marketing environment is created for this reason. The government of China is providing business licenses to many new companies for the development of the country. But in some cases, its government policies create many difficulties in case of foreign companies for establishing its business. Some of the reforms of China opens the country’s market and attracts many big companies. The political factor of China influences a lot in its national institutional system. Previously there were many trade regulations in the retail industry sector of this country. This industry was not considered as a prestigious industry by its government and it was not sanctioned. But modernization of China facilitates the growth of its retail industry. The open market system of the country influe nces its institutional system. The economic system of China has become market-oriented economy. The country has become a significant player in a global economy. It supports the growth of its private sector industry. For business operations, the country maintains strict regulations and laws. There is a specific framework under which the companies have to operate its business.

Evaluating the revenue recognition practices undertaken by the Assignment

Evaluating the revenue recognition practices undertaken by the software company - Assignment Example For this case, they need to bring this revenue down so that they can show the stakeholders the true financial statements according to the laid down rules in the International Accounting Standards. There are various accounting concepts and principles that were not adhered to by Isoft company thus why they showed higher revenue than they had actually realised. This paper will critically evaluate the revenue recognition practices which had been used by Isoft and it will also include an analysis of the potential economic and social consequences of these practices. For once, revenue should be earned. This means that anticipated incomes also referred to as receivables should not be recognized until such a time when they have been realized. According to the American accounting association, the term income includes realized net income add and not income only. Isoft Ltd might have overlooked this prudence concept regarding income. (Lynn, 2004) Even if the income elements are expected in the normal course of operations of the firm, a degree of judgement and probability need be attached in making the final conclusion on whether or not to include that income or else the turnover shall be overstated if that income does not materialize. Such items may include doubtful debts, exaggerations of the useful lives of some plant and equipment, etc. Apart from the probability of earning the income so anticipated, recognition as to whether that income should be able to be measured reliably should also be taken into account. Income recognition practices require that income should be measured reliably and with certainty. And if Isoft did not make reasonable estimate, then the whole items of income should have been excluded from the financial statements all together. However they should have included/shown the existence of the income items as a footnote to the accounts. (Wood and Sangster, 1999) Also related to the measurements is the cost at which a firm records its expenses which will have a direct influence to the recognized income. Isoft might have understated their reliability and expenses which is not prudent Another principle of income recognition is that of distinguishing revenue incomes from capital gains. Revenue incomes are those incomes generated from the principle income generating operations of the firm whereas capital gains are those gains made as a result of investments and or even disinvestments. Isoft might have included such capital gains as: Proceeds from sale of assets and Gains on disposals of plant and equipments in its income statements thus overstating revenue. This is a fundamental error that normally arises as a result of poor accounting knowledge on the side of accountants. The income recognition practices stipulate that only revenue incomes should be recognized in the income statements, capitalizing the capital items. 1 It should also not be forgotten that revenues should be matched with cost/ expenses incurred in realizing that income. Isoft did not employ clear cut-offs in apportioning of income and expenses to various financial problems. For instance, they might have wholesomely recognized a given income say rental income, some of which might have been rent in arrears for prior periods for previous debtors for earlier years making good their payments this year. For this case, Isoft should have only recognised rental income that pertain the current

Management Of Innovation Titan Edge History Essay

Management Of Innovation Titan Edge History Essay Innovation is defined as the process by which new products, services, materials and processes are developed and introduced into the market for commercialization. Thus, Innovation is the successful exploitation of new ideas. There are 4Ps of Innovation which are as follows: Product Innovation- Changes in the products/services offered by the company Process Innovation- Changes the way in which the products are created delivered to the customers Position Innovation- Changes the manner in which the product is introduced in the market Paradigm Innovation- Changes the underlying model which changes the way in which the company functions Innovation is very critical for all the businesses in order to grow and survive the fierce competition in the marketplace. Thus companies continuously bring about innovation and introduce a lot of new products and services to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors. The companies do this by investing a lot of money in their RD department. There are companies which have the greatest ideas in the world but that do not make them innovative. A starting point of a breakthrough innovation is not an idea but it is an orbit-shifting challenge. Ideas are certainly important as far as innovation is considered but it is not the starting point of the innovation process. To bring about a breakthrough innovation the most important thing for a company is to get a team in place, enroll team members, create strategies, convince stake holders to invest money and finally to create route in order to reach the destination which did not exist before. Problem Statement: The objective of Titan Watch Industries was to design and make the slimmest water-resistant watch in the world. This was the orbit shifting challenge which Mr. Xerxes Desai, the managing director at that time had put forward to his team in the year 1994. To create the slimmest watch in the world it needed to be just 3.5mm thick which is as thick as the edge of the floppy disc. In order to achieve this objective the Titan team went to the Swiss who are known as the master of watch making in order to get a deep insight and get help in developing the watch. But to their dismay, the Swiss said that it is impossible. The major reason behind this was that a watch could either be ultra-slim or either it could be water-resistant. The Swiss themselves had made an effort in the year 1982 but they had failed to make the worlds slimmest water-resistant watch. Although they were disappointed but the Titan team took on the challenge and said that if the Swiss could not do it than they would do it. It took them four long years to make a breakthrough innovation and do the impossible by challenging almost all the parameters of watch making. Thus, the slimmest water-resistant in the world wad conceptualized, designed and manufactured not in Switzerland or Japan but was done right here in India. Objectives of the study: The main objective of this study was to understand that how the innovation process was carried out and managed by Titan Watch Industries in order to make the slimmest water-resistant watch in world- Titan Edge. The Titan story is a classic example of an Indian company achieving an amazing feat by making a truly global innovative product successfully. Hence, studying its success story becomes all the more important. Thus, I selected the Titan Edge case study as the topic of my seminar paper wherein I could learn the way the innovation process was managed effectively by Titan and which made it a global player in the field of watch making. The Beginning: It all started way back in 1985 when Titan Watch Industries was set up as a joint venture between the Tata Group and Tamil Nadu Industries Development Corporation. It began with French collaboration from where they got the watch movements and the technology used to develop them. The production of watches began in the year 1987. By the year 1992, Titan started to surpass their French collaborators and started to improve their own creations. At this time Xeres Desai gave a call to develop the slimmest water-resistant watch in order to become a global player by proposing an orbit-shifting challenge to his team. Titan felt the need to make this innovation because they realized that just being the marketing leaders wont help but to earn the respect as the best in the world it was necessary to become the technology leader. In 1994 Desai gave the RD team the challenge of developing the slimmest movement in the world which would 1.15mm thin- as thin as a credit card. The current movement developed by Titan was 3.4mm thick and the challenge was to develop 1.15mm which was a challenging task for the team considering the fact that it was just the second movement which would be developed in-house. Desai further raised the challenge by asking the team to put the movement in the case and create a watch out of it. And in India it needed to be water-resistant as Indians do not prefer to buy watches which are not water-resistant. This was an impossible challenge because till date there was no ultra-slim watch which was water-resistant. The Challenges: There were various challenges which Desai had to face during the development of Titan Edge. The greatest challenges were internal as the mindset of deference to the development world is the key reason which prevents breakthrough innovation in a developing country like India. The various challenges faced during the project were as follows: Challenge 1: Enrolling to the cause While making a radical innovation the biggest challenge is to create self-belief within the team members. The engineering challenge would have been impossible to achieve unless the self-belief and enrolment had not happened. When the team returned from Switzerland without any progress the reaction of the people within the organization was that if the Swiss cannot do it than how can we do it and if Swiss cannot do it than no one can do it. Thus it was this mindset of deference to the developed world which was the major challenge which Desai had to tackle. The watch manufacturing has three main departments which are case manufacture, movement manufacture and assembly. In addition to this even RD department had to been enrolled and energized. The usual response the manufacturing department gives to the design department is that you give us the drawings and we will work according to it. If it works, it works and if does not work than we cannot do anything about it. But once the true alignment had happened at Titan people take ownership for their work and in this case the response from the manufacturing department to the design people was that you provide us with the drawings and we will figure a way out and see to it that things work out properly. Thus, this is how the entire team was motivated and energized in order to enroll them into the cause of making the slimmest water-resistant watch in the world. Challenge 2: The Movement Challenge The team at Titan kicked off with the watch movement in the RD department which was headed by Subramanya Bhatt. During that point of time there were no benchmarks available in the world because the movement of that thickness did not exist. It was a big challenge for the team as they had to make the movement of that thickness from scratch since reengineering was not possible. It was an astronomical challenge in front of the team and it needed a paradigm shift to bring down the size of the movement from 3.4mm to 1.15mm thickness. There were many technological challenges right from the manufacturing department, assembly department and the testing department. The biggest challenge was to accommodate the components in the available space and mainly the battery and the step motor. For this they had to miniaturize the size of the components drastically. The problem with the battery was that reducing the size of the battery would reduce the power of the battery considerably and would thus reduce the power backup considerably. Thus its a trade-off between the size and the power of the battery. You can either have an ultra-slim battery or else you can have a battery with a long-life. Its an either/or challenge but innovation is all about the and. In the initial survey all the usual battery suppliers said that it is impossible to make a battery of this size and it cant be done. But then the team conducted an intense secondary research and was able to find a supplier located in USA who was able to make the battery which was 1.05mm thick and had a backup for a considerably longer time. But still this was not enough because for the watch to be water-resistant the back cover needs to be opened as infrequently as possible. Thus, this needed that the battery should have backup of comparatively a longer battery life. The team had to reduce the power consumption of the battery by half in order to double the battery life. The step motor is the heart of the watch and it is the component which consumes the maximum amount of power. Hence, they had to somehow crash the power consumption of the step motor. For this challenge a silicon chip was developed and simultaneously the step motor was worked on to reduce the consumption of power. The net result was that the life of the battery doubled. There were number of innovations made in terms of tooling, equipment and production facilities in order to create the slimmest movement in the world. Thus, finally the movement of 1.15mm thickness was ready and the next challenge was to make a case around it and which needed to be waterproof. Challenge 3: The Case Challenge After the movement was developed Desai brought in B.V. Nagraj who was the head of the product engineering in order to tackle the challenge of making the case. With the working prototypes of the movement the team members decided to go to Switzerland to the famous Watch Fair in Basel, to meet the Swiss who are considered the master of watch making and ask them to make a waterproof case around the movement. In terms of styling, design, reliability and quality everything is with reference to the Swiss in the watch industry. Even the Titan team believed that the Swiss were the ultimate and they would have the solution to their problem. But to their shock the Swiss were actually surprised that an Indian manufacturer had made the movement. When Titan team members asked them to make a casing of 3.5mm thickness many of them told them that they had gone crazy. Many of the manufacturers took the prototype back to their factories but they came back and said that its not possible. Some of the VPs were quite surprised that an Indian company could even think of something of such a high magnitude. Thus, the team had to return back to India without any progress. The challenges were that the casing had to serve three functions simultaneously. The first one was that it needed to be just 3.5mm in thickness. Secondly, it would have to be water-resistant and lastly it should be good looking in design parameters as well. Thus for this breakthrough was required for the case: the top glass, the back cover and the crown which is the winding key on the side of the watch. The usual thickness of the glass is around 1-1.2 mm but for a watch of 3.5mm thickness the glass would have to be around 0.3mm which is 75 per cent reduction in the thickness. The glass should have the same strength as the standard glass and in addition it should be water-resistant as well. The team met Desai and said that Swiss cannot do it. So Desai asked his famous question to the team that What are you going to do about it? How will you overcome the problem? The team members told him that if the Swiss cannot make it than we will make it. Desai was confident that they will be able to make the case in-hose but the rest of the organization was not. It took some time for the organization to believe that it was possible. If the Swiss cant do it, than we will became the rallying cry. The fact that the Swiss could not make it energized them instead of de-energizing them. The design team had to be convinced and inspired in order to make the case which would be 3.5mm thick and the tolerances would be as thick as a single hair. The case had to look aesthetically pleasing as well. Thus a complete paradigm shift was required in order to design the case for the movement. The next stage was manufacturing. Hari Rao was the chief manufacturing officer and he was very passionate about Indian manufacturing skills. When he was told that the Swiss could not make it, he promptly said that we will make it and took it as a challenge. Getting Hari Rao on board was a simple challenge but getting the general managers of the case manufacturing and assembly was a tough task. Rafique Ahmed the GM of the case manufacturing was a practical kind of a person and he would prefer to maximize the productivity rather than trying something new. It was not east to enroll him but when he was told the fact that even Swiss could not do it struck a chord and he agreed to make the case provided that the design team would crack the glass challenge. The problem with the glass was its thickness. No glass existed at 0.3mm which could withstand the rigors of daily wearing. The solution was found with sapphire glass as it was far sturdier and more reliable than the normal glass. It could be made much thinner and still it would not break. The team located a niche sapphire making glass-company called Steatlar in Switzerland which was able to make the glass of required thickness for the case. Challenge 4: Prototype Challenges There were several challenges faced while making the prototype. The biggest challenge was that the metal was thin on all the sides. Fixing the glass so that the watch would be waterproof was another challenge which the team faced. This was because of the thickness of the case between the glass and the watch needed to be in proportion with the thickness of the entire watch in order to make the watch aesthetically good looking. Drilling the hole for the crown was another challenge because the thickness of metal below the hole was just 0.1mm and hence it kept splitting. Finally the team figured out a way to do both the things. At no point of time reengineering was possible because there were no references available. Everything needed to be innovated like new jigs and new tools in order to make the case. Even the strap was a challenge. Making the strap was also a paradigm shift. The strap needed to be thin enough in order to match the thickness of edge. The strap supplier had never made such a thin strap before but today he thanks Titan because he can sell these ultra-slim straps abroad at premium rates. There were several such challenges to be overcome. And one by one they were. Finally the case was ready and it was given for the final assembly. Assembling the entire watch together was another major challenge. The clearances had come down drastically. Initially for other watches the clearances were around 150 microns but for the Edge the clearances came down to 100 microns. The challenges multiplied with a factor of ten as very fine clearance between the hands caused them to clash with each other and this needed to be tackled too. Finally, the watch began to come together. It wasnt easy for the team to handle the fights and arguments which used to come up due to frustration. There were constant fights due to the tolerances. Everyone wanted to increase the tolerance but then they were explained the significance of Titan Edge and they were told that it is not like any other watch. After all the hard times finally the watch was ready. The Titan team manufactured about fifteen to twenty Edge watches in thirteen different shape variations which were then sent to Switzerland for testing. Testing: The prototypes were sent to Chronofiable SA, Switzerland for testing which is a world renowned independent Horological testing Agency. The watches were subjected to various types of testing such as high temperature test, low temperature test, temperature shock tests, bump tests and drop tests etc. all spread over a period of eight weeks. After all the tests were conducted, the Titan Edge was certified as not only reliable but it was also certified as water-resistant up to 30 meters. The watch was also tested internally at Titan and the interesting thing is the manner in which they were tested by Dwarkanath. He was of the opinion that the agencies can check the watch thoroughly but they cannot replicate the real life conditions. He threw the Edge against a wall, and then threw it in the floor at different angles in order to check whether its safe. He chucks it into the swimming pool in order to check whether it is water-resistant or not. Finally he tied the watch to the shock absorbers of his car and made several trips on the terrible roads between Bangalore and Hosur, covering 200 km in all. The Edge passed these tests too. Conclusion

Becoming Mexican American Essay

Becoming Mexican American: A study into the cultural developments of Mexican immigrants to the United States The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the inviting work of George Sanchez, Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945. While reviewing this work of Sanchez, the essay will make use of an article written by Grace Pena Delgado relating to the immigration issues of the United States in the early twentieth century. Delgado`s article, ‘_At Exclusion’s Southern Gate: Changing Categories of Race and Class among Chinese Froterizos_’ discusses the Chinese immigrants in northern Mexico. To provide the reader with accurate and concise information the original works of the two authors will be used extensively, as the purpose of the essay is to criticize these works. The essay will also make use of a number of internet web-sites for general information on the Mexican and American historiesof the early twentieth century. A detailed list of books and resources used in writing this paper will be provided at the end, in the form of a bibliography. In conclusion, the essay’s purpose is to provide detailed and concise criticism of George Sanchez’s book, Becoming Mexican American, while supporting the criticism with Grace Delgado’s article. Ceren Keskin 207138579 BIBLIOGRAPHY Sanchez, George. Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945. Oxford University Press, 1995. Delgado, Grace Pena. â€Å"At Exclusion’s Southern Gate: Changing Categories of Race and Class among Chinese Froterizos_†__. _In the Continental Crossroads, 183-200. Duke University Press, 2004.

Internal and External Sourcing Strategies Essay

Internal sourcing refers to utilizing internal labor for the official undertakings while outsourcing refers to bringing manpower, goods or services from international organizations. It is a decision on either to produce goods or services internally within the organization or to purchase them from external organizations. The goal of internal versus external sourcing is to secure needed commodities at the finest promising cost, while making best use of the wherewithal of the organization. Factors that might influence our decision may include: rates, standby capacity within the organization, the need for firm quality and agenda control, elasticity, the enrichment of skills that can then be utilized in other ways, size and economies of scale, employment of existing personnel, the need for confidentiality, capital and backing requirements, and the impending consistency of supply. Global Sourcing: According to the definitions of business dictionary, Global sourcing is a procurement strategy used to illustrate the exercise of sourcing from the worldwide marketplace for goods and services. The purpose of global sourcing is to bank on the most cost efficient location to make use of global competence in the delivery of goods and services. For example if a textile industry finds that the production & delivery of their products is economical in some other countries, they would either close the industry in their respective country and start production in the most reasonable location. Or otherwise they can recruit human resource from low cost countries or start a sister outlet of their company in there. These efficiencies comprise low price skillful   Ã‚  labor, reasonable cost raw material and additional financial aspects like tax evasions and reduced business duties etc. Common instances of globally sought out goods or services include: labor- concentrated fabricated product produ ced utilizing low-cost Chinese man power, call centers provided with affordable   English speaking staffs from developing countries like Philippines and India, and computerized work executed by economical operators from India and Eastern Europe. Global sourcing is not bound to low-cost countries. Majority of companies today endeavor to take advantage of global sourcing with reduced cost. Hence it is universally found that global sourcing programs form an essential ingredient of the procurement strategy of several global companies. International procurement organizations (or IPOs) are always a helpful to hunt international market for a company. These procurement organizations assume prime duty to discover plus build up key suppliers to assist gratify intermittent sourcing conditions of the mother organization. Such associations lend a hand to make available center of attention in country- based sourcing attempts. Specifically in the instance of big and composite states, such as China, where a variety of sub- marketplaces continue living and dealers widen the whole value series of goods, such IPOs prove fundamental in that regard for information. Over time, these IPOs may raise to become a holistic procurement organization in their own footing, with entirely occupied category authorities and quality assurance squads. It is therefore fundamental for firms to conspicuously describe an incorporation and range -up sketch for the IPO. According to estimates of A D&B Company, 60 percent of companies in USA today out source from China as a fraction of their low-cost sourcing strategies, and around half of their Low-cost Country Sourcing expenditure is for objects— such as fragments, circuit boards, wires and other spare parts used in finished products. According to a survey, the observance of global sourcing in the retail and customer sector is booming, The following countries according to Aberdeen Group reports are generally hunted as growing markets for low cost country sourcing: China,   Thailand,   Vietnam,   India,   Ukraine,   Romania,   Bulgaria,   Mexico and   Brazil. Advantages:  · Global Sourcing helps businesses to estimate strategies to venture in a latent market.  · It helps tap into talents or means that are available internationally.  · Helps to generate alternate contractors/supplier resources to arouse completion which   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  would elevate gross supplying potential. Disadvantages: Some disadvantages of global sourcing may include:  · Concealed costs correlated with diverse societies and time zones.  · Unearthing reliable contractors or suppliers in unfamiliar zones are also very tough.  · Contact with will developing or emerging economies would result in economical and political risks.  · Foreign exchange regulations may be tough & rigid. Their may be constraints to business licensing.  · Project executive confrontations in relation to migrating manufacturing operations successfully. Why Prefer Outsourcing? According to the findings of Aberdeen Group there are several grounds why manufacturers prefer outsourcing, but too much outsourcing may bring pitfalls and challenges. Cost-adjustment is not the primary cause to subcontract, but its undoubtedly an essential element.  · Outsourcing alters constant costs into variable costs, generates resources for investment somewhere else in a specific industry, and permits to evade enormous expenses in the early stages of business. This act can also make the company captivating to investors.  · An outsider’s rate configuration and economy of scale can bestow company a significant competitive advantage.  · Recruiting and preparing staff for short-term ventures can be an expensive undertaking and short-term employees don’t always live up to company’s expectations. Outsourcing can help concentrate on human resources wherever they need them most.  · A good outsourcing helps start new projects fast. Outsiders come up with more passion and show zeal towards working.  · Through low cost country sourcing developing countries can economically uplift themselves due to investments from global markets which would also attract other potential investors.  · Startup Capital— few countries harmonize government funds venture capital with private capital to begin that businesses in their country.  · Tax relaxations— Countries offer tax relaxations to stir manufacturing undertakings as to defy high business taxes within another country.  · Scalability — the outsourced company is often prepared to handle any temporary or permanent escalation or plummet in production of goods  · Creating leisure time— large organizations may wish to outsource their work as to optimize their work-leisure. Conclusion: In a lot many ways is global outsourcing preferred by multinational in all sorts of their undertakings. Since it helps market their products or services globally bring home more revenues. This process always helps bring innovative minds to the mother organization. But those recruiting corporate have to be very cautious when comes to hiring people from areas that they aren’t much familiar. It can cause security concerns as well. However, big companies undoubtedly deliberate first and then ponder on outsourcing. Thus we can say that global outsourcing which is a procurement strategy helps bring people together creating a diverse or multicultural environment which with managerial expertise can bring innovations and various benefits to our potential customers.

An Introduction to Gravitational Lensing